What is a common side effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors due to increased urinary glucose excretion?

SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as canagliflozin, empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin, work by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the renal tubules, leading to an increased excretion of glucose in the urine. This mechanism not only helps lower blood sugar levels but also has implications for the urinary tract.

One notable side effect associated with increased urinary glucose excretion is an elevated risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The presence of glucose in the urine creates an environment conducive to the growth of bacteria, which can lead to infections. Patients taking SGLT-2 inhibitors may notice increased incidents of UTIs, particularly because the glucose provides a rich nutrient source for bacteria to thrive.

While fatigue, weight gain, and nausea can be associated with various medications and health conditions, they are not specifically linked to the mechanism of action or side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors as strongly as urinary tract infections are. Therefore, the increase in urinary glucose creates a unique and significant risk for UTIs, making it a common side effect observed in patients using these medications.