What is often associated with posterior blepharitis?

Posterior blepharitis is primarily characterized by inflammation of the meibomian glands, which are responsible for producing the oily layer of the tear film. When these glands do not function properly due to obstruction, inflammation, or dysfunction, it can lead to posterior blepharitis.

Meibomian gland dysfunction often results in an inadequate tear film, causing symptoms like dryness, irritation, and even discomfort. This disruption is the underlying issue in many cases of posterior blepharitis, hence making it the most relevant association. Addressing meibomian gland dysfunction is critical in the management of this condition, as effective treatment can relieve symptoms and improve overall eyelid health.

While seborrheic dermatitis can affect the eyelids and contribute to blepharitis, it primarily does so through irritation of the anterior portion of the eyelid rather than the posterior segment. An external hordeolum (stye) is a localized infection of the eyelid that occurs near the base of the lashes and is not directly related to the chronic inflammatory process seen in posterior blepharitis, which is more systemic in nature. Excessive tearing can occur as a result of eye irritation, but it is not a defining feature or direct cause