What is one of the potential consequences of overcorrecting sodium levels?

One of the potential consequences of overcorrecting sodium levels is central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). This condition results from rapid shifts in serum sodium, particularly in patients who have chronically low sodium levels. When sodium levels are corrected too quickly, particularly in cases of hyponatremia, osmotic demyelination can occur in the brainstem, leading to neurological deficits.

In the clinical context, it is crucial to recognize that the brain adapts to low sodium conditions by creating osmoprotective mechanisms, and a rapid rise in sodium can disrupt this balance. Central pontine myelinolysis is most often seen when sodium is corrected at a rate faster than 8 to 10 mmol/L within a 24-hour period. Symptoms can include confusion, dysarthria, dysphagia, and even coma, highlighting the importance of a careful and controlled approach to sodium correction.

Other options listed, while they may pertain to different clinical scenarios or conditions, do not directly relate to the consequences of overcorrecting sodium levels in the same specific way that central pontine myelinolysis does.