What is the first-line treatment for anterior epistaxis?

The first-line treatment for anterior epistaxis is to apply direct pressure for 10-15 minutes. This approach facilitates the formation of a clot at the bleeding site by compressing the vessels that are responsible for the bleeding. To effectively apply direct pressure, the individual should lean forward slightly and pinch the soft part of the nose together, preventing blood from flowing back into the throat and allowing for a clearer assessment of bleeding control.

Other interventions like cauterization with silver nitrate, nasal packing, or the use of topical antihistamines may be considered subsequently if direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding. Cauterization may be useful for persistent bleeding after the initial measures have been attempted, while nasal packing is generally reserved for refractory cases. Topical antihistamines are not a standard treatment for immediate management of epistaxis and would not address the underlying issue effectively during an acute episode.