What is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?

The most common symptom of bladder cancer is gross or microscopic hematuria. Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in urine, which can be visible (gross) or only detectable under a microscope (microscopic). This symptom is particularly significant because it often prompts patients to seek medical evaluation, leading to the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer frequently causes irritation or inflammation of the bladder lining, resulting in blood being present in the urine. In many cases, hematuria is the first noticeable sign, and it can occur intermittently. Because of its prevalence, hematuria is considered a hallmark symptom of bladder cancer, distinguishing it from other urinary tract conditions.

In contrast, while symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, and frequent urination can occur with bladder cancer, they are not as characteristic or prevalent as hematuria. Abdominal pain may suggest various conditions, including other abdominal pathologies. Weight loss typically indicates progression or systemic involvement rather than being an early symptom. Frequent urination, though it may be a symptom of bladder irritation, is more common in benign conditions such as urinary tract infections or overactive bladder rather than being specifically indicative of bladder cancer.