What is the primary type of macular degeneration characterized by gradual vision loss due to the breakdown of the macula?

The primary type of macular degeneration characterized by gradual vision loss due to the breakdown of the macula is dry macular degeneration. This condition is associated with the accumulation of drusen, which are yellow deposits beneath the retina. Over time, this accumulation leads to the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, resulting in gradual vision loss. The process is typically slower and more chronic than the wet form of macular degeneration, where new blood vessels grow under the retina, often leading to sudden and more severe vision loss. The distinction between dry and wet macular degeneration is crucial in understanding the mechanism and progression of the disease, as well as in the selection of appropriate management strategies.