Which condition often occurs after an infection with Campylobacter jejuni?

Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a neurological disorder that can develop following an infection with Campylobacter jejuni. This association is well-documented, as the bacterial infection often leads to an autoimmune response that targets the peripheral nervous system. After the initial infection, which typically presents as gastroenteritis, the body's immune system may mistakenly attack the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers, resulting in the clinical manifestations of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This condition is characterized by rapid onset muscle weakness and can lead to paralysis.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome stands out among the listed options due to its direct link to Campylobacter jejuni infections and the subsequent immune response that triggers this condition.