Which symptom is associated with moderate hyponatremia?

Moderate hyponatremia, defined typically as serum sodium levels between 130 and 135 mEq/L, can lead to neurological symptoms due to the imbalance of electrolytes that affects cerebral function. Among these symptoms, headache and altered mental status are commonly observed as the brain reacts to the osmotic changes resulting from the low sodium levels. The decline in sodium can cause cellular swelling and neurological impairment, leading to symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, and in more severe cases, seizures.

In cases of moderate hyponatremia, individuals may experience alterations in cognition or mood, as well as physical symptoms like headache, because the brain is highly sensitive to changes in sodium levels. This altered mental status can manifest as decreased alertness or confusion, making it a key symptom to recognize in patients with this condition.

While seizures can occur with severe hyponatremia, they are more commonly associated with much lower sodium levels or rapid changes. Syncope and dizziness can occur due to various reasons and may not specifically correlate with moderate hyponatremia, making headache and altered mental status the most closely associated symptoms in this situation.